EURASIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS (EJAE)

MANAGING RURAL EMPLOYMENT FOR SUSTAINABILITY AND EFFICIENCY OF AGRICULTURE

Rahmiye Figen CEYLAN — 2023-07-09

Demand for agricultural labour use is persistent regardless of the improvements. There are many agricultural activities that call incorporation of low-skilled labour. With rising technology incorporation, demand for high-skilled labour rises. Keeping low-skilled workers in the sector is also important for macroeconomic concerns as management of unemployment or providing sustainable income for rural population to keep this population away from internal migration to city centres. Yet, there are effective factors in keeping this population in rural and in agricultural activities. Some of these factors were evaluated in this paper. The effect of recent COVID-19 process and in-boarder or foreign labour migration was searched and evaluated due to changing labour composition and varying costs. Thereafter, the gender problem related to women’s over existence in agricultural activities and their intention to move out like as the young generations were evaluated depending on the recent literature and figures.

Green Information and Communication Technologies Strategies for Sustainable Agriculture

Md Al Amin HOSSAIN — 2023-07-09

Green information and communication technologies (ICT) have the potential to revolutionize sustainable agriculture by minimizing environmental impact, reducing resource use, and enhancing productivity. This study examines the role of various green ICT strategies, including precision agriculture, smart irrigation systems, renewable energy technologies, livestock management, agroforestry, and blockchain traceability, in promoting sustainability in agriculture. The adoption of green ICT in agriculture presents both challenges and opportunities. Issues such as the digital divide, knowledge gaps, and policy frameworks must be addressed to realize the full potential of green ICT strategies. However, by leveraging the benefits of these technologies, such as reduced greenhouse gas emissions, water conservation, and enhanced food security, sustainable and resilient food systems can be achieved. Case studies from different regions and contexts provide a systematic analysis of the impacts of green ICT on sustainable agriculture. The findings suggest that the adoption of green ICT strategies can offer significant benefits for sustainable agriculture. However, a comprehensive approach that considers sustainability's social, economic, and environmental dimensions is necessary to realize these benefits fully. Policymakers, researchers, and practitioners can use these insights to promote the adoption of green ICT strategies in agriculture. By developing supportive policy and institutional frameworks and providing technical support and training, green ICT can be more widely adopted in agriculture to enhance sustainability and resilience in the sector.

INVESTIGATION OF POPULATION AND LABOR FORCE DEVELOPMENT IN THE WORLD AND CERTAIN COUNTRIES

Zöhre Halik — 2023-07-09

One of the main elements of production factors is to examine the labor force, and its relating political development and implementation are of greater importance for the economical development of all countries of the world. The basic aim of this study is to provide recommendations for reducing unemployment by considering the results and the potential benefits from production factors, which is one of the main elements of labor and developed in line with the development of the population of major countries in the world. Country Selection will contribute to Turkey's competitiveness in the process of globalization in developed countries, including the United States of America, the European Union, Russia and the population of developing countries, China and India, with a speed of integration into the world economy, Turkey has the largest trading volume in South America countries such as Brazil, where 6 countries were selected. In the research, secondary data for the first 21 years of the 21^stcentury (based on the average of every five years) obtained from the International Labor Organization (ILO) and the United Nations Population Division (UNPD) were used. Percentage calculation was used in the representation of secondary data.

The Assessment of Turkey’s Competitiveness in Cherry Trade

Hasan ARISOY — 2023-07-09

Cherries are a fruit that thrives in warm climates and has a robust presence in the global market. As cherry production areas expand, there is a corresponding increase in demand for this fruit worldwide. The trade of agricultural products has gained importance with the development of global trade. Cherries have a crucial place in Turkish agricultural exports. Fresh cherries are in the scope of this study. This study examines Turkey's position in the global cherry trade, specifically in the fresh cherry market. Turkey is a leading country in cherry production and plantation area and has seen an average annual export growth of 18.4% between 2001 and 2020. However, Turkey's share in the world cherry market has decreased from 14% to 5.9% due to low unit export value. Chile, the USA, Hong Kong, Austria, Spain, and Canada are significant cherry exporters, with Chile dominating the market with a 72.5% share in 2020. The Trade Intensity Analysis Method which represents the course of trade flow among countries is used in the study. The study indicates that European countries which are Turkey’s traditional trade partner has the biggest trade share with Turkey and that share did not much change over the years. By the way, the Asia market especially China, became a game-changer in cherry trade and Turkey should prepare itself for this situation.

Agricultural Production Systems in Sudan

Ibrahim Musa Osman — 2023-07-09

Agriculture is one of the strategic elements of any developed or developing country. It's fundamentally related to political and social stability. Sudan is characterized as an agricultural country that has all the extended factors of that. Agriculture and cultivating-related activities are carried out in many different patterns which are adopted and practiced in Sudan. Agricultural production in Sudan is generally practiced through three systems: small-scale farming using a traditional rain-fed system, mechanized rain-fed systems, and irrigated farming systems. Each system produces specific crops and is located in appropriate regions with varying levels of mechanization in the production areas. Manually carried tools and animal power dominate in the traditional rain-fed system. Mechanical energy and sophisticated tools are commonly used in irrigated and mechanized rain-fed systems. Different crops are grown in Sudan regarding of farming system. Here we are presenting the common agricultural practices systems in Sudan, which help those who are unfamiliar and/or interested in this country to get closer by knowing the cropping systems in Sudan.